Sources, Functions and Impacts of Macro- and Micronutrients

What are macronutrients? What are micronutrients?

Macronutrients:

Carbohydrates are one of the primary macronutrients and are a vital source of energy for the body. They are the building blocks of glucose, which is the primary source of energy for the brain and red blood cells. Examples of carbohydrates include grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

Proteins are the building blocks of the body and are necessary for growth and repair of tissues. They are involved in the production of enzymes, hormones, and various other essential molecules. Examples of protein include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, and dairy products.

Fats provide energy to the body and help in the absorption of vitamins and minerals. They are also involved in the regulation of body temperature and the protection of organs. Examples of fats include nuts, seeds, animal fat, and vegetable oils.

    

Micronutrients:

Vitamins are micronutrients that help in maintaining normal body processes such as the growth and development of tissues, the development of the immune system, and metabolism support. Good sources of vitamins include fruits, vegetables, and supplements.

Minerals are another essential micronutrient that supports the formation of teeth and bones, the transmission of nerve impulses, and the maintenance of fluid balance in the body. Good sources of minerals include dairy products, meat, fish, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Effects of Macronutrients and Micronutrients on Health:

Macronutrients, particularly carbohydrates and fats, provide the primary source of energy for the body. Consuming an adequate amount of macronutrients plays a significant role in maintaining energy balance, which ensures the body's ability to perform physically and mentally.

Insufficient consumption of micronutrients can lead to various deficiencies that can harm our health. For example, iron deficiency can cause anemia, while Vitamin D deficiency may lead to osteoporosis.

Adequate consumption of macronutrients and micronutrients is essential for preventing chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

In conclusion, macronutrients and micronutrients play a vital role in our health and well-being. A balanced diet that provides adequate amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients is essential for maintaining optimal health.

Reference:

Okręglicka, K. (2015). Health effects of changes in the structure of dietary macronutrients intake in western societies. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny, 66(2), 97–105.

Sizer, F. & Whitney, E. (2017). Nutrition: Concepts and controversies (14th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.