Nutritional Requirements Across the Lifespan

How does nutrition in each stage of life change?

Nutrition recommendations and dietary guidelines for each of the following developmental stages: pregnancy, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are as follows:

During pregnancy, the body has unique nutritional needs to support the growth and development of the fetus and ensure the health and well-being of the mother.  Adequate consumption of protein, iron, calcium, folate, and vitamin D are all crucial during this stage.  Pregnant women are generally recommended to consume more calories (about 300-500 extra calories per day), eat a variety of nutrient-dense foods, and avoid certain foods that can pose a risk to the fetus, such as raw or undercooked meat, fish high in mercury, and unpasteurized dairy products.  “Low maternal pre-pregnancy weight, low BMI, and low attained weight throughout pregnancy are associated with impaired fetal growth” (Gluckman, Hanson, Chong & Bardsley, 2015).

Infants have high nutrient needs for growth and development, particularly for protein, fat, and certain nutrients such as iron and vitamin D. Breastfeeding is recommended as the primary source of nutrition for infants up to 6 months of age, followed by the introduction of solid foods and continued breastfeeding until at least 12 months of age.

During childhood, a well-balanced and varied diet is necessary for growth and development. Children should consume adequate amounts of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin D, and other essential vitamins and minerals. The consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is also important for good health and preventing chronic diseases. Limiting intake of added sugars, saturated and trans fats, and sodium is recommended.

During adolescence, there is rapid growth and development of the body.  Adequate intake of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin D, and energy is critical during this stage. Consuming a well-balanced and varied diet, healthy snacks, and limiting intake of processed and fast foods, sugary beverages, and junk food is recommended.

Adulthood: During adulthood, maintaining a healthy diet is crucial in preventing chronic diseases, maintaining physical and mental health, and promoting overall well-being. A well-balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is recommended.

 

Overall, nutrition requirements vary throughout the life cycle and are essential in maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases. Meeting nutritional guidelines and recommendations is crucial in promoting lifelong health and well-being.

References:

Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M., Chong, Y. S., & Bardsley, A. (2015). Nutrition and lifestyle for pregnancy and breastfeeding (First edition.). Oxford University Press.

Sizer, F. & Whitney, E. (2017). Nutrition: Concepts and controversies (14th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.